Sacred Encounters: The Fate of Indigenous Religions upon Contact with Europe

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Aztec summary." Encyclopedia Britannica, November 11, 2021. https://www.britannica.com/summary/Aztec.
Aztec round dance for Quetzalcóatl and Xolotl (a dog-headed god who is Quetzalcóatl's companion), detail from a facsimile Codex Borbonicus (folio 26), c. 1520; original in the Chamber of Deputies, Paris, France. Courtesy of the Newberry Library, Chicago, The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Aztec summary." Encyclopedia Britannica, November 11, 2021. https://www.britannica.com/summary/Aztec.

Pre-Christian Contact and Indigenous Religion

 

Where were they?

 

A Web of "Discovery"?

 

World Map. 1502-6. https://jstor.org/stable/community.13587739.

Bibliography: Indigenous Religions and New World Encounters

  • Marco Polo. *The Travels of Marco Polo*. Translated by Ronald Latham. London: Penguin Classics, 1958.
  • Olson, Katherine. "Lecture 3: New World Encounters Part 1." San Jose State University, 2025.
  • Olson, Katherine. "Lecture 4: New World Encounters Part II: Columbus & His Legacy." San Jose State University, 2025.
  • Jackson, Peter. *The Mongols and the West, 1221–1410*. Harlow: Pearson Longman, 2005.
  • Porterfield, Amanda. *Conceived in Doubt: Religion and Politics in the New American Nation*. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2012.
  • "Early Medieval Ireland and Christianity." Encyclopedia.com. Accessed May 2025. https://www.encyclopedia.com/international/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/early-medieval-ireland-and-christianity.
  • "Tjodhildes Church - the reconstruction in Qassiarsuk." Visit Greenland. Accessed May 2025. https://visitgreenland.com/about-greenland/tjodhildes-church/.
  • "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Greenland." New Advent. Accessed May 2025. https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06777b.htm.
  • "Vinland | Norse Exploration, North America History." Encyclopaedia Britannica. Accessed May 2025. https://www.britannica.com/place/Vinland.
  • Hermann, Pernille. “The Horror of Vinland: Topographies and Otherness in the Vinland Sagas.” *Scandinavian Studies* 93, no. 1 (2021): 1–22. Accessed May 2025. https://csu-sjsu.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01CALS_SJO/1nj5q0c/cdi_proquest_journals_2630322573.
  • Enterline, James. *Erikson, Eskimos, and Columbus: Medieval European Knowledge of America*. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002.
  • Columbus, Christopher. *The Diario of Christopher Columbus’s First Voyage to America, 1492–1493*. Translated by Oliver Dunn and James E. Kelley Jr. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1991.
  • Las Casas, Bartolomé de. *A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies*. Translated by Nigel Griffin. London: Penguin Classics, 1992.
  • Pané, Ramón. *An Account of the Antiquities of the Indians*. Translated by José Juan Arrom. Durham: Duke University Press, 1999.
  • "The Requerimiento (1513)." In *Colonial Spanish America: A Documentary History*, edited by Kenneth Mills and William B. Taylor, 13–15. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, 1998.
  • Olson, Katherine. "Lecture 4: New World Encounters Part II: Columbus & His Legacy." San Jose State University, 2025.
  • Cortés, Hernán. *Letters from Mexico*. Translated and edited by Anthony Pagden. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986.
  • Díaz del Castillo, Bernal. *The True History of the Conquest of New Spain*. Translated by Janet Burke and Ted Humphrey. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing, 2012.
  • Berdan, Frances F., and Patricia Rieff Anawalt, eds. *The Codex Mendoza*. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992.
  • Motolinía, Toribio de Benavente. *Motolinía’s History of the Indians of New Spain*. Translated by Elizabeth Andros Foster. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1951.
  • Sahagún, Bernardino de. *Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain*. Translated by Arthur J.O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1950–1982.
  • Olson, Katherine. "Lecture 5: The Aztec." San Jose State University, 2025.
  • Olson, Katherine. "Lecture 6: The Aztec, Part II." San Jose State University, 2025.
  • Cieza de León, Pedro. *The Incas of Pedro de Cieza de León*. Translated by Harriet de Onís. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1959.
  • Guaman Poma de Ayala, Felipe. *The First New Chronicle and Good Government*. Translated by Roland Hamilton. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2009.
  • Hyland, Sabine. *The Jesuit and the Incas: The Extraordinary Life of Padre Blas Valera, S.J.* Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2003.
  • Salomon, Frank, and George Urioste, trans. *The Huarochirí Manuscript: A Testament of Ancient and Colonial Andean Religion*. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1991.
  • Starn, Orin, Carlos Iván Degregori, and Robin Kirk, eds. *The Peru Reader: History, Culture, Politics*. Durham: Duke University Press, 2005.
  • Olson, Katherine. "Lecture 7: The Incas, Part I." San Jose State University, 2025.
  • Olson, Katherine. "Lecture 8: The Incas, Part II." San Jose State University, 2025.
  • Richter, Daniel K. “Iroquois versus Iroquois: Jesuit Missions and Christianity in Village Politics, 1642–1686.” *Ethnohistory* 32, no. 1 (1985): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.2307/482090.
  • Snow, Dean R. *The Iroquois*. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 1994.
  • Olson, Katherine. "Lecture 10: The Indigenous People of Canada & New France." San Jose State University, 2025.
  • Schmidt, Ethan. “Powhatans: The Early Anglo-Powhatan Relationship at Jamestown.” In *The Divided Dominion: Social Conflict and Indian Hatred in Early Virginia*, 19–44. Boulder: University of Colorado Press, 2015. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt130hkpp.7.
  • Rountree, Helen C. *Pocahontas’s People: The Powhatan Indians of Virginia through Four Centuries*. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1990.
  • "Religion in Early Virginia Indian Society." Encyclopedia Virginia. Accessed May 2025. https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/religion-in-early-virginia-indian-society/.
  • "Pocahontas: Her Life and Legend." National Park Service. Accessed May 2025. https://www.nps.gov/jame/learn/historyculture/pocahontas-her-life-and-legend.htm.
  • Lepore, Jill. *Encounters in the New World: A History in Documents*. Chapter 5, pp. 107–124. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. https://archive.org/details/encountersinneww00lepo.
  • Hariot, Thomas. *A Briefe and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia*. London, 1588. Electronic edition: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1020&context=etas.
  • Gerbner, Katharine. *Christian Slavery: Conversion and Race in the Protestant Atlantic World*. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2018. https://doi.org/10.9783/9780812294903.
  • Bloch, Agata, Demival Vasques Filho, and Michal Bojanowki. “Slaves, Freedmen, Mulattos, Pardos, and Indigenous Peoples: The Early Modern Social Networks of the Population of Color in the Atlantic Portuguese Empire.” In *The Digital Black Atlantic*, edited by Roopika Risam and Kelly Baker Josephs. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2021. https://dhdebates.gc.cuny.edu/read/the-digital-black-atlantic/section/d449f70b-c11b-46e8-9644-3ca365dfea4d.
  • Gould, Philip. “The Rise, Development, and Circulation of the Slave Narrative.” In *The Cambridge Companion to the African American Slave Narrative*, edited by Audrey Fisch, 11–27. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. http://search.proquest.com.libaccess.sjlibrary.org/books/rise-development-circulation-slave-narrative/docview/2137993202/se-2?accountid=10361.
  • Lepore, Jill. *Encounters in the New World: A History in Documents*. Chapter 6, pp. 125–146. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. https://archive.org/details/encountersinneww00lepo.
  • "Religion and Slavery." Slavery and Remembrance, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Accessed May 2025. https://slaveryandremembrance.org/articles/article/?id=A0059.
  • The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Aztec summary." Encyclopedia Britannica, November 11, 2021. https://www.britannica.com/summary/Aztec.
  • World Map. 1502-6. https://jstor.org/stable/community.13587739.
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